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Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. [3] [6] Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism, liver dysfunction, or biliary-tract obstruction. [7]
The varied causes of hyperbilirubinemia are best understood from bilirubin metabolism. The total average daily production of bilirubin in humans is 4 mg/kg. 80% of which is derived from haemoglobin (Hb) produced by erythrocyte breakdown, with the remaining from heme proteins , like myoglobin and cytochrome , turnover. [ 5 ]
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC 50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA/PEL, STEL, or REL) determined by the ACGIH professional association.
Illustration of Exposure Risk Assessment and Management related to anticipation, recognition, evaluation, control, and confirmation. Occupational hygiene or industrial hygiene (IH) is the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, control, and confirmation (ARECC) of protection from risks associated with exposures to hazards in, or arising from, the workplace that may result in injury, illness ...
Improper management of health care waste can have both direct and indirect health consequences for health personnel, community members and on the environment. Indirect consequences in the form of toxic emissions from inadequate burning of medical waste, or the production of millions of used syringes in a period of three to four weeks from an ...
That’s because women tend to use gas stoves and cleaning products more often, Dr. Mary Margaret Johnson, principal research scientist in the Department of Environmental Health at Harvard T.H ...
Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and other parts of the body. [9] [10] Many types display antimicrobial resistance, which can complicate treatment. [11] In the UK about 300,000 patients were affected in 2017, and this was estimated to cost the NHS about £1 billion a year. [12]
There is evidence that exposure to cleaning and disinfectant products can cause acute health effects on healthcare workers. [64] Observed effects include eye irritation and watery eyes, [ 65 ] [ 66 ] headaches, [ 65 ] dizziness, [ 65 ] throat irritation and wheezing, [ 65 ] [ 64 ] [ 66 ] skin irritation, [ 65 ] and work-related asthma.