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Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba 2+ or Pb 2+ salts: Na 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO 4. Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents.
The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for making soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc.It involved two stages: making sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, followed by reacting the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to make sodium carbonate.
Thénardite is an anhydrous sodium sulfate mineral, Na 2 SO 4 which occurs in arid evaporite environments, specifically lakes and playas. It also occurs in dry caves and old mine workings as an efflorescence and as a crusty sublimate deposit around fumaroles. It occurs in volcanic caves on Mount Etna, Italy.
His production of sodium sulfate, which he called sal mirabilis or "wonderful salt", brought him fame and the honor of being named "Glauber's salt". It was an effective but relatively safe laxative at a time when purging (emptying the digestive tract) was a popular treatment for many diseases.
The Mannheim process is an industrial process for the production of hydrogen chloride and sodium sulfate from sulfuric acid and sodium chloride. [1] The Mannheim furnace is also used to produce potassium sulfate from potassium chloride. [2] The Mannheim process is a stage in the Leblanc process for the production of sodium carbonate.
[11] [12] During combustion, sodium sulfate is reduced to sodium sulfide by the organic carbon in the mixture: 1. Na 2 SO 4 + 2 C → Na 2 S + 2 CO 2. This reaction is similar to thermochemical sulfate reduction in geochemistry. The molten salts ("smelt") from the recovery boiler are dissolved in a process water known as "weak wash".
The sodium sulfate is afterwards fired with calcium carbonate and coal. Sodium carbonate can be extracted from this mixture by washing the mixture with water. [2] Until the rise of the ammonia-soda process, which has better economics, the Leblanc process was used extensively making the United Kingdom the lead in alkali production. By the early ...
By 1791, Nicolas Leblanc had succeeded in producing sodium carbonate from salt by a 2-step process. In the first step, sodium chloride is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid at temperatures of 800–900 °C; hydrogen chloride gas is evolved, leaving solid sodium sulfate.