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When lyophilic sols are added to lyophobic sols, depending on their sizes, either lyophobic sol is adsorbed in the surface of lyophilic sol or lyophilic sol is adsorbed on the surface of lyophobic sol. The layer of the protective colloid prevents direct collision between the hydrophobic colloidal particles and thus prevents coagulation. [1]
The gold number is the minimum weight (in milligrams) of a protective colloid/lyophilic colloid required to prevent the coagulation of 10 ml of a standard hydro gold sol when 1 ml of a 10% sodium chloride solution is added to it. [1] It was first used by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy in 1901.
Examples of amphiphilic compounds are the salts of fatty acids, phospholipids.Many simple amphiphiles are used as detergents.A mixture of soap and water is an everyday example of a lyotropic liquid crystal.
Here the key difference to notice is that there is no surface tension between the solid and the vapor for the second surface tension component. This is because of the assumption that the surface of air that is exposed is under the droplet and is the only other substrate in the system. Subsequently, the equation is then expressed as (1 – f ...
A colloid has a dispersed phase (the suspended particles) and a continuous phase (the medium of suspension). The dispersed phase particles have a diameter of approximately 1 nanometre to 1 micrometre. [2] [3] Some colloids are translucent because of the Tyndall effect, which is the scattering of light by particles in
A sol is a colloidal suspension made out of tiny solid particles [1] in a continuous liquid medium. Sols are stable, so that they do not settle down when left undisturbed, and exhibit the Tyndall effect, which is the scattering of light by the particles in the colloid.
With grafted polymers, the backbone of the polymer chain is covalently bonded to the particle surface. Whereas an adsorbed polymer is a copolymer composed of lyophobic and lyophilic region, where the lyophobic region non-covalently adheres to the particle surface and the lyophilic region forms the steric boundary or spacer.
A type of colloid in which small particles of one liquid are dispersed in another liquid; e.g. a dispersion of water in an oil, or of an oil in water. Emulsions are often stabilized by the addition of a substance, known as an emulsifier, that has both lyophilic and lyophobic parts in its molecules. [3] enantiomer enantiomorph endothermic ...