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The Kauffmann–White classification or Kauffmann and White classification scheme [1] [2] is a system that classifies the genus Salmonella into serotypes, based on surface antigens. It is named after Philip Bruce White and Fritz Kauffmann . First the "O" antigen type is determined based on oligosaccharides associated with lipopolysaccharide.
Salmonella species can be found in the digestive tracts of humans and animals, especially reptiles. Salmonella on the skin of reptiles or amphibians can be passed to people who handle the animals. [39] Food and water can also be contaminated with the bacteria if they come in contact with the feces of infected people or animals. [40]
Salmonella bongori was previously considered a subspecies of S. enterica, but it is now the other species in the genus Salmonella. Most of the human pathogenic Salmonella serovars belong to the enterica subspecies. These serogroups include S. Typhi, S. Enteritidis, S. Paratyphi, S. Typhimurium, and S. Choleraesuis.
The Kauffman–White classification scheme is the basis for naming the manifold serovars of Salmonella. To date, more than 2600 different serotypes have been identified. [21] A Salmonella serotype is determined by the unique combination of reactions of cell surface antigens. For Salmonella, the O and H antigens are used. [22]
The nomenclature of Salmonella enterica has long been a topic of debate in the microbiology community. [16] Originally in the 1880s, Salmonella species were named after the disease, host, or geological location they were associated with; however, this taxonomic characterization was contested due to genus members being categorized incompatibly with their genetic similarities.
Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria.It includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject of debate, but one classification places it in the order Enterobacterales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota.
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Salmonella. Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella typhi; Salmonella typhimurium; Serratia marcescens; Shigella dysenteriae; Spirillum volutans; Staphylococcus