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Reason is a type of thought, and logic involves the attempt to describe a system of formal rules or norms of appropriate reasoning. [45] The oldest surviving writing to explicitly consider the rules by which reason operates are the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle, especially Prior Analytics and Posterior Analytics.
Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC.Philosophy was used to make sense of the world using reason. It dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, epistemology, mathematics, political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, ontology, logic, biology, rhetoric and aesthetics.
Greek spelling of logos. Logos (UK: / ˈ l oʊ ɡ ɒ s, ˈ l ɒ ɡ ɒ s /, US: / ˈ l oʊ ɡ oʊ s /; Ancient Greek: λόγος, romanized: lógos, lit. 'word, discourse, or reason') is a term used in Western philosophy, psychology and rhetoric, as well as religion (notably Christianity); among its connotations is that of a rational form of discourse that relies on inductive and deductive ...
For the Stoics, reason meant using logic and understanding the processes of nature—the logos or universal reason, inherent in all things. [34] The Greek word pathos was a wide-ranging term indicating an infliction one suffers. [35] The Stoics used the word to discuss many common emotions such as anger, fear and excessive joy. [36]
Among some Greek authors, a faculty of intelligence known as a "higher mind" came to be considered as a property of the cosmos as a whole. The work of Parmenides set the scene for Greek philosophy to come, and the concept of nous was central to his radical proposals. He claimed that reality as perceived by the senses alone is not a world of ...
Plato (/ ˈ p l eɪ t oʊ / PLAY-toe; [1] Greek: Πλάτων, Plátōn, born c. 428-423 BC, died 348 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its own methods and assumptions.
In Ancient Greek philosophy, Phronesis (Ancient Greek: φρόνησις, romanized: phrónēsis) is a type of wisdom or intelligence concerned with practical action. It implies both good judgment and excellence of character and habits. Classical works about this topic are still influential today.
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