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There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. [1] Symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin, and blindness. [1] It is the second-most common cause of blindness due to infection, after trachoma. [6]
Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. [2] The infection causes a roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids. [2] This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes, breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of the eyes, and eventual blindness. [2]
Bulging eyes: where the eye (one or both) protrudes or distends out of its orbit. Left untreated, bulging eyes may lead to eye dryness, pain and vision loss [3] Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: This is an inflammation of the retina caused by infection, which can result in blindness.
According to the CDC, people should seek medical care if they have symptoms of an eye infection, including: Yellow, green or clear discharge from the eye. Eye pain or discomfort.
The retina is the eye's "sensing" tissue. Retinitis may be caused by a number of different infectious agents. Its most common form, called retinitis pigmentosa, has a prevalence of one in every 2,500–7,000 people. This condition is one of the leading causes that leads to blindness in patients in the age range of 20–60 years old.
Researchers have found a link between semaglutide use and NAION, a rare condition that is the second-leading cause of optic nerve blindness. (Getty Images) (Jacob Wackerhausen via Getty Images)
Uveitis may be an immune response to fight an infection caused by an organism in the eye. They are less common than non-infectious causes and require antimicrobial/ viral/ parasitic treatment in addition to inflammatory control. Infectious causes in order of global burden include: Subretinal abscess in tubercular posterior uveitis. bartonellosis