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Binary digits are found together in 128-bit collections. Modern GPU chips may operate data across a 256-bit memory bus (or possibly a 512-bit bus with HBM3 [3]). The Efficeon processor was Transmeta's second-generation 256-bit VLIW design which employed a software engine to convert code written for x86 processors to the native instruction set ...
The DEC VAX supported operations on 128-bit integer ('O' or octaword) and 128-bit floating-point ('H-float' or HFLOAT) datatypes. Support for such operations was an upgrade option rather than being a standard feature. Since the VAX's registers were 32 bits wide, a 128-bit operation used four consecutive registers or four longwords in memory.
This 128-bit quadruple precision is designed not only for applications requiring results in higher than double precision, [1] but also, as a primary function, to allow the computation of double precision results more reliably and accurately by minimising overflow and round-off errors in intermediate calculations and scratch variables.
The format is written with an implicit lead bit with value 1 unless the exponent is all zeros. Thus only 236 bits of the significand appear in the memory format, but the total precision is 237 bits (approximately 71 decimal digits: log 10 (2 237) ≈ 71.344). The bits are laid out as follows:
In-order execution, 128-bit VLIW, integrated memory controller Efficeon: 2004 In-order execution, 256-bit VLIW, fully integrated memory controller Cyrix Cx5x86: 1995 6 [3] Branch prediction Cyrix 6x86: 1996 Superscalar, superpipelined, register renaming, speculative execution, out-of-order execution DLX: 5 eSi-3200: 5 In-order, speculative ...
As of July 2017, the Graphics Core Next instruction set has seen five iterations. The differences between the first four generations are rather minimal, but the fifth-generation GCN architecture features heavily modified stream processors to improve performance and support the simultaneous processing of two lower-precision numbers in place of a single higher-precision number.
The Imagine 128 GPU introduced a full 128-bit graphics processor—GPU, internal processor bus, and memory bus were all 128 bits. However, there was no, or very little, hardware support for 3D graphics operations. [15] The Imagine 128-II added Gouraud shading, 32-bit Z-buffering, double display buffering, and a 256-bit video rendering engine. [16]
The GeForce 256 is the original release in Nvidia's "GeForce" product line.Announced on August 31, 1999 and released on October 11, 1999, the GeForce 256 improves on its predecessor by increasing the number of fixed pixel pipelines, offloading host geometry calculations to a hardware transform and lighting (T&L) engine, and adding hardware motion compensation for MPEG-2 video.