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Northern Australia historian Patrick White has suggested that the project to establish a new military base in Townsville resulted from a series of rapid decisions. White has also argued that 'fortuitous circumstances' contributed to Townsville becoming the location for what has become Australia's largest army base. [3]
The Australian Defence Force is made up of the Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army and the Royal Australian Air Force. These three military services have numerous military bases situated in all the States and Territories of Australia. Most of Australian Defence Force bases are equipped with Everyman's Welfare Service recreation centres. [1]
Borneo Barracks – Darling Downs Military Area, Cabarlah; Kokoda Barracks – Canungra (near Brisbane) Gallipoli Barracks – Brisbane; Lavarack Barracks – Townsville; Army Aviation Centre – Darling Downs Military Area, Oakey; Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area – Shoalwater Bay; Porton Barracks – Cairns
Robertson Barracks is a major Australian Army base in Holtze, a suburb of Darwin in the Municipality of Litchfield, about 15 km (9.3 mi) east of the Darwin city centre. [citation needed] Robertson Barracks are home to the 1st Brigade and the 1st Aviation Regiment. It has a helicopter airfield, similar to Holsworthy Barracks. [citation needed]
Campbell Barracks is an Australian Army base located in Swanbourne, [1] a coastal suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is named after Lieutenant Colonel J. A. Campbell (1842–1924), former commandant of the Commonwealth Military Forces in Western Australia. [2]
The base was placed on nuclear alert by the US Government during the Yom Kippur War in 1973 when US secretary of state Henry Kissinger issued a DEFCON 3 force-wide alert. Australian personnel at the base, the Australian Government and Prime Minister Gough Whitlam were not informed of the alert. [24]
The barracks is part of the Holsworthy military reserve, which is 22,000 ha (54,000-acre) training area and artillery range for the Australian Army, established in the 1880s and been in active use since World War I. Following World War II, it became a major base for the permanent component of the Australian Army in New South Wales.
The level of military aviation activity at Townsville began to increase after the establishment in 1966 of Lavarack Barracks, which steadily grew to become Australia's largest Army base, and the Headquarters of the Third Task Force. In 1976, No. 35 Squadron was based at Townsville in support of Army operations.