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2. Bivalent (genetics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalent_(genetics)

   The formation of a bivalent occurs during the first division of meiosis (in the zygotene stage of meiotic prophase 1). In most organisms, each replicated chromosome (composed of two identical sister chromatids [1] [2]) elicits formation of DNA double-strand breaks during the leptotene phase. [3]

3. Meiosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis

   This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 January 2025. Cell division producing haploid gametes For the figure of speech, see Meiosis (figure of speech). For the process whereby cell nuclei divide to produce two copies of themselves, see Mitosis. For excessive constriction of the pupils, see Miosis. For the parasitic infestation, see Myiasis ...

4. Chromosomal crossover - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_crossover

   It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis during a process called synapsis. Synapsis begins before the synaptonemal complex develops and is not completed until near the end of prophase I. Crossover usually occurs when matching regions on matching chromosomes break and ...

5. Origin and function of meiosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_and_function_of_meiosis

   One theory on how meiosis arose is that it evolved from transformation. [2] According to this view, the evolutionary transition from prokaryotic sex to eukaryotic sex was continuous. Transformation, like meiosis, is a complex process requiring the function of numerous gene products.

6. Nondisjunction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondisjunction

   In general, nondisjunction can occur in any form of cell division that involves ordered distribution of chromosomal material. Higher animals have three distinct forms of such cell divisions: Meiosis I and meiosis II are specialized forms of cell division occurring during generation of gametes (eggs and sperm) for sexual reproduction, mitosis is the form of cell division used by all other cells ...

7. Chromosome segregation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_segregation

   During the phase of meiosis labeled “interphase s” in the meiosis diagram there is a round of DNA replication, so that each of the chromosomes initially present is now composed of two copies called chromatids. These chromosomes (paired chromatids) then pair with the homologous chromosome (also paired chromatids) present in the same nucleus ...