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The era saw the creation of a new, stronger federal government under the United States Constitution, a deepening of support for nationalism, and diminished fears of tyranny by a central government. The era began with the ratification of the United States Constitution and ended with the Democratic-Republican Party 's victory in the 1800 elections .
They would subsequently be administered by a new government agency, Gulag. [203] By the end of 1920, 84 camps had been established across Soviet Russia, holding circa 50,000 prisoners; by October 1923, this had grown to 315 camps with approximately 70,000 inmates. [204] Those interned in the camps were effectively used as a form of slave labor ...
The first actions of the new government did not immediately take place following the Constitution's adoption, as not enough members of Congress had arrived to form a quorum. [10] The electoral votes for president and vice president were counted on April 6, 1789, and George Washington was inaugurated the first president on April 30. [11]
The new government reflected the prevailing republican ideals of guarantees of individual liberty and of constraining the power of government through separation of powers. [55] The constitution was ratified by a sufficient number of states in 1788 to begin forming a federal government. [59]
Politics was no longer the domain of politicians as every voter was called on to participate. The new strategy of appealing directly to the public worked for the Federalists as public opinion shifted to support the Jay Treaty. [43] The Federalists controlled the Senate and they ratified it by exactly the necessary ⅔ vote (20–10) in 1795.
This was the first time the new government had been directly opposed, and through a clear show of federal authority, Washington established the principle that federal law is the supreme law of the land, [141] and demonstrated that the federal government had both the ability and willingness to suppress violent resistance to the nation's laws ...
The new frame of government gave much more power to the central government, but characterization of the result is disputed. The general goal of the authors was to get close to a republic as defined by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment , while trying to address the many difficulties of the interstate relationships.
New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.The primary objective of New Federalism, unlike that of the eighteenth-century political philosophy of Federalism, is the restoration of some of the autonomy and power, which individual states had lost to the federal government as a result of ...