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The TI-99/4A has 256 bytes of scratchpad memory on the 16-bit bus containing the processor registers of the TMS9900 [2] Cyrix 6x86 is the only x86-compatible desktop processor to incorporate a dedicated scratchpad. SuperH, used in Sega's consoles, could lock cachelines to an address outside of main memory for use as a scratchpad.
Intel 8237A-5, used on the original IBM PC motherboard Pinout. Intel 8237 is a direct memory access (DMA) controller, a part of the MCS 85 microprocessor family. It enables data transfer between memory and the I/O with reduced load on the system's main processor by providing the memory with control signals and memory address information during the DMA transfer.
The C programming language manages memory statically, automatically, or dynamically.Static-duration variables are allocated in main memory, usually along with the executable code of the program, and persist for the lifetime of the program; automatic-duration variables are allocated on the stack and come and go as functions are called and return.
In the original IBM PC (and the follow-up PC/XT), there was only one Intel 8237 DMA controller capable of providing four DMA channels (numbered 0–3). These DMA channels performed 8-bit transfers (as the 8237 was an 8-bit device, ideally matched to the PC's i8088 CPU/bus architecture), could only address the first (i8086/8088-standard ...
The Word DMA (WDMA) interface was the fastest method used to transfer data between the computer (through the Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) controller) and an ATA device until Ultra Direct Memory Access (UDMA) was implemented.
In computing, a memory access pattern or IO access pattern is the pattern with which a system or program reads and writes memory on secondary storage.These patterns differ in the level of locality of reference and drastically affect cache performance, [1] and also have implications for the approach to parallelism [2] [3] and distribution of workload in shared memory systems. [4]
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Another area of research is what type of events should cause a thread switch: cache misses, inter-thread communication, DMA completion, etc. If the multithreading scheme replicates all of the software-visible state, including privileged control registers and TLBs, then it enables virtual machines to be created for each thread.