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The thiazolidinediones / θ aɪ. ə ˌ z oʊ l ɪ d iː n ˈ d aɪ. oʊ n /, abbreviated as TZD, also known as glitazones after the prototypical drug ciglitazone, [1] are a class of heterocyclic compounds consisting of a five-membered C 3 NS ring.
It is in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class and works by improving sensitivity of tissues to insulin. [3] Pioglitazone was patented in 1985, and came into medical use in 1999. [5] It is available as a generic medication. [3] In 2022, it was the 120th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions.
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
Diabetes medications: Insulin and thiazolidinediones. Beta-blockers: Propranolol and metoprolol ... the diabetes medication Metformin isn't associated with weight gain like insulin and older meds ...
Useful thiazolidines include the drug pioglitazone, the antibiotic penicillin, and N-Methyl-2-thiazolidinethione, an accelerator for the vulcanization of chloroprene rubbers. [4] Thiazolidines functionalized with carbonyls at the 2 and 4 positions, the thiazolidinediones, are drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.
Some drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes could also help lower a person’s risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s. Image credit: martin-dm/Getty Images.
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