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Members of Australopithecus are sometimes referred to as the "gracile australopithecines", while Paranthropus are called the "robust australopithecines". [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The australopithecines occurred in the Late Miocene sub-epoch and were bipedal , and they were dentally similar to humans, but with a brain size not much larger than that of ...
A. anamensis and many more Australopithecus branches, Australopithecus cannot be consolidated into a coherent grouping without also including the Homo genus and other genera. The earliest known member of the genus, A. anamensis, existed in eastern Africa around 4.2 million years ago.
Gracile australopithecines (Australopithecus afarensis) emerged in the same region, around 4 million years ago. The earliest known retouched tools were found in Lomekwi , Kenya, and date back to 3.3 Ma, in the late Pliocene .
Along with similarities to contemporary Homo, they share several characteristics with the ancestral Australopithecus as well as early Homo (mosaic evolution), most notably a small cranial capacity of 465–610 cm 3 (28.4–37.2 cu in), compared with 1,270–1,330 cm 3 (78–81 cu in) in modern humans.
Archaic humans [a] is a broad category denoting all species of the genus Homo that are not Homo sapiens (modern humans), which are sometimes also called Homo sapiens sapiens, in which case the singular use of sapiens has been applied to some archaic humans as well.
Image credits: John Shearer/Getty Images He added: “She looks healthier and there is obvious weight loss between the May photo and the more recent one. “Her neckline and jawline now really pop ...
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However, the validity of Paranthropus is contested, and it is sometimes considered to be synonymous with Australopithecus. They are also referred to as the robust australopithecines. They lived between approximately 2.9 and 1.2 million years ago (mya) from the end of the Pliocene to the Middle Pleistocene.