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The energy required to compress a gas to a certain volume may be determined by multiplying the difference between the gas pressure and the external pressure by the change in volume. A pressure gradient describes the potential to perform work on the surroundings by converting internal energy to work until equilibrium is reached.
Electrolysis of pure water requires excess energy in the form of overpotential to overcome various activation barriers. Without the excess energy, electrolysis occurs slowly or not at all. This is in part due to the limited self-ionization of water. Pure water has an electrical conductivity about one hundred thousandth that of seawater. [8] [9 ...
In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction "inflammable air". He speculated that "inflammable air" was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance "phlogiston" [80] [81] and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is ...
Global map of countries by tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%), 2021, according to World Bank.. This is a list of countries by tariff rate.The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.
The local speed of sound, and hence the Mach number, depends on the temperature of the surrounding gas. The Mach number is primarily used to determine the approximation with which a flow can be treated as an incompressible flow. The medium can be a gas or a liquid.
An accidental release of phosgene gas at a DuPont facility in West Virginia killed one employee in 2010. [41] The US Chemical Safety Board released a video detailing the accident. [ 42 ] Six years later, a phosgene leak occurred in a BASF plant in South Korea , where a contractor inhaled a lethal dose of phosgene.
The taste of soda water (and related taste sensations in other carbonated beverages) is an effect of the dissolved carbon dioxide rather than the bursting bubbles of the gas. Carbonic anhydrase 4 converts carbon dioxide to carbonic acid leading to a sour taste, and also the dissolved carbon dioxide induces a somatosensory response.
The World Bank estimates that 134 billion cubic meters of natural gas are flared or vented annually (2010 datum), an amount equivalent to the combined annual gas consumption of Germany and France or enough to supply the entire world with gas for 16 days. This flaring is highly concentrated: 10 countries account for 70% of emissions, and twenty ...