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Externally oriented planning is the third out of four discrete phases of the planning process, according to Gluck, Kaufman and Walleck's article published by Harvard Business Review in July 1980. A company may have previously worked through the " financial " and "forecast-based" planning phases before entering the "externally oriented" phase.
For strategic planning to work, it needs to include some formality (i.e., including an analysis of the internal and external environment and the stipulation of strategies, goals and plans based on these analyses), comprehensiveness (i.e., producing many strategic options before selecting the course to follow) and careful stakeholder management ...
This is a list of articles on general management and strategic management topics. For articles on specific areas of management, such as marketing management, production management, human resource management, information technology management, and international trade, see the list of related topics at the bottom of this page. Administration
The Ansoff matrix is a strategic planning tool that provides a framework to help executives, senior managers, and marketers devise strategies for future business growth. [1] It is named after Russian American Igor Ansoff , an applied mathematician and business manager, who created the concept.
Miles and Snow identify three types of competitive strategies, those adopted by defender, analyzer and prospector types of organization, and a fourth, non-strategic type of organization, whose competitive behaviour is reactive to the perceived environmental conditions within which it operates. [2]
The Journal of Management Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1963 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for the Advancement of Management Studies. [1] The journal publishes both conceptual and empirical papers in the field of management.
By the end of the 1960s, the four components of SWOT (without using the acronym) had appeared in other publications on strategic planning by various authors, [35] and by 1972 the acronym had appeared in the title of a journal article by Norman Stait, a management consultant at the British firm Urwick, Orr and Partners. [36]
In this scenario, formal planning systems are criticized by a number of academics, who argue that conventional methods, based on classic analytical tools (market research, value chain analysis, assessment of rivals), [2] fail to shape a strategy that can adjust to the changing market [3] and enhance the competitiveness of each business unit ...