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  2. Proctor compaction test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proctor_compaction_test

    The energy exerted by compaction forces the soil to fill available voids, and the additional frictional forces between the soil particles improves the mechanical properties of the soil. Because a wide range of particles are needed in order to fill all available voids, well-graded soils tend to compact better than poorly graded soils.

  3. R-value (soils) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-value_(soils)

    Many other agencies have adopted the California pavement design method, and specify R-Value testing for subgrade soils and road aggregates. The test method states: The R-value of a material is determined when the material is in a state of saturation such that water will be exuded from the compacted test specimen when a 16.8 kN load (2.07 MPa ...

  4. Soil compaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_compaction

    In geotechnical engineering, soil compaction is the process in which stress applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains. When stress is applied that causes densification due to water (or other liquid) being displaced from between the soil grains, then consolidation , not compaction, has ...

  5. Percolation test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation_test

    A percolation test consists of digging one or more holes in the soil of the proposed leach field to a specified depth, presoaking the holes by maintaining a high water level in the holes, then running the test by filling the holes to a specific level and timing the drop of the water level as the water percolates into the surrounding soil.

  6. Soil gradation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_Gradation

    In soil science, soil gradation is a classification of a coarse-grained soil that ranks the soil based on the different particle sizes contained in the soil. [1] Soil gradation is an important aspect of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering because it is an indicator of other engineering properties such as compressibility , shear strength ...

  7. Water retention curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_retention_curve

    Water retention curve is the relationship between the water content, θ, and the soil water potential, ψ. The soil moisture curve is characteristic for different types of soil, and is also called the soil moisture characteristic. It is used to predict the soil water storage, water supply to the plants (field capacity) and soil aggregate stability.

  8. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    Soil bulk density, when determined at standardized moisture conditions, is an estimate of soil compaction. [3] Soil porosity consists of the void part of the soil volume and is occupied by gases or water. Soil consistency is the ability of soil materials to stick together. Soil temperature and colour are self-defining.

  9. Soil texture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_texture

    Soil texture is a classification instrument used both in the field and laboratory to determine soil classes based on their physical texture. Soil texture can be determined using qualitative methods such as texture by feel, and quantitative methods such as the hydrometer method based on Stokes' law .

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