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American astronaut Marsha Ivins demonstrates the effects of microgravity on her hair in space. The effects of spaceflight on the human body are complex and largely harmful over both short and long term. [1] Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). [2]
The amount of time spent in space is considered a key factor in the health effects, with greater concern over long-duration missions. "The longer the duration in space, the greater the increase in ...
Psychological and sociological effects of space flight are important to understanding how to successfully achieve the goals of long-duration expeditionary missions. Although robotic spacecraft have landed on Mars , plans have also been discussed for a human expedition , perhaps in the 2030s, [ 1 ] for a return mission.
Research on four space tourists is included in a series of studies on the health effects of space travel, down to the molecular level. ... Space tourists experience some of the same body changes ...
Due to the potential negative effects of astronaut exposure to cosmic rays, solar activity may play a role in future space travel. Because galactic cosmic ray fluxes within the Solar System are lower during periods of strong solar activity, interplanetary travel during solar maximum should minimize the average dose to astronauts. [citation needed]
In a now-infamous exchange, Sally Ride, who in 1983 became the first American woman to go to space, said she was asked by engineers if 100 tampons would be enough for a one-week mission ...
[80] [81] In the first 28 U.S. Space Shuttle flights (2–11 d duration), serum insulin levels (n = 129) were elevated by 55% on landing day compared to before flight. [82] Russian space life science investigators reported two-fold or greater increases in insulin levels in three cosmonauts within 1 day after they returned from a 237-d flight. [83]
Space can be an unfriendly place for the human body, with microgravity conditions and other factors tampering with our physiology, from head to toe - head, of course, being a primary concern.