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Capacitive displacement sensors share many similarities to eddy current (or inductive) displacement sensors; however capacitive sensors use an electric field as opposed to the magnetic field used by eddy current sensors [10] [11] This leads to a variety of differences between the two sensing technologies, with the most notable differences being ...
Displacement measurement is the measurement of changes in directed distance (displacement). Devices measuring displacement are based on displacement sensors, which can be contacting or non-contacting. [1] Some displacement sensors are based on displacement transducers, [2] devices which convert displacement into another form of energy. [3]
Recent advances in fabrication technique allow the creation of very precise tunable Fabry–Pérot interferometers. The device is technically an interferometer when the distance between the two surfaces (and with it the resonance length) can be changed, and an etalon when the distance is fixed (however, the two terms are often used ...
Figure 2: [8] Working principle of a thermal laser sensor (Adapted from figure 3 with permission) As shown in Fig 2, a thermopile laser sensor consists of several thermocouples connected in series with one junction type (hot junction at temperature T 1) being exposed to an absorption area and the other junction type (cold junction at temperature T 2) being exposed to a heat sink.
Mutual capacitive sensors can provide a two-dimensional image of the changes in the electric field. Using this image, a range of applications have been proposed. Authenticating users, [ 20 ] [ 21 ] estimating the orientation of fingers touching the screen [ 22 ] [ 23 ] and differentiating between fingers and palms [ 24 ] become possible.
A linear encoder is a sensor, transducer or readhead paired with a scale that encodes position. The sensor reads the scale in order to convert the encoded position into an analog or digital signal, which can then be decoded into position by a digital readout (DRO) or motion controller. The encoder can be either incremental or absolute.
In statistics, probability theory, and information theory, a statistical distance quantifies the distance between two statistical objects, which can be two random variables, or two probability distributions or samples, or the distance can be between an individual sample point and a population or a wider sample of points.
The measure gives rise to an (,)-sized similarity matrix for a set of n points, where the entry (,) in the matrix can be simply the (reciprocal of the) Euclidean distance between and , or it can be a more complex measure of distance such as the Gaussian ‖ ‖ /. [5]