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Nursing is a profession which is staffed unproportionately by women in most parts of the world. [1] [2] [3] According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) 2020 State of the World's Nursing, approximately 10% of the worldwide nursing workforce is male. [2] Since the 1960s, nursing has gradually become more gender-inclusive.
Nursing was initially considered a woman's job because it constituted domestic labor. The American Civil War (1861–1865) has been thought to be a turning point for this stereotype. In the 1860s, middle-class white women volunteered to be aides in the war effort. These women worked in unsanitary and undersupplied conditions within medical ...
Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to graduate from a western medical school Geneva Medical College, where Elizabeth Blackwell graduated in 1849. While both men and women are enrolling in medical school at similar rates, in 2015 the United States reported having 34% active female physicians and 66% active male physicians.
Harvey Wingfield attributes black men's experience in nursing to gendered racism. While many men who enter nursing receive a warm welcome from women colleagues as "a response to the fact that professions dominated by women are frequently low in salary and status and that greater numbers of men help improve prestige and pay", [2] this experience ...
Nursing theory is defined as "a creative and conscientious structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena". [1] Through systematic inquiry, whether in nursing research or practice, nurses are able to develop knowledge relevant to improving the care of patients.
In the 19th and early 20th century, nursing was considered a woman's profession, just as doctoring was a profession for men. With increasing expectations of workplace equality during the late 20th century, nursing became an officially gender-neutral profession, though in practice the percentage of male nurses remained well below that of female ...
Gender essentialism is a theory which attributes distinct, intrinsic qualities to women and men. [1] [2] Based in essentialism, it holds that there are certain universal, innate, biologically (or psychologically) based features of gender that are at the root of many of the group differences observed in the behavior of men and women.
The differences between men and women are also seen at the cellular level. For example, the ways immune cells convey pain signals are different in men and women. [14] As a result of these biological differences, men and women react to certain drugs and medical treatments differently. [13] One example is opioids.