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Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [10] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [10]
Metronidazole in combination with alcohol causes severe reactions such as vomiting and flushes in many patients. Tetracycline resorption is reduced by dairy products, antacids and other products containing calcium , magnesium , aluminium as well as iron .
Heartburn is a common symptom of late term pregnancy during which up to 80% of pregnant women have experienced it by the end of their third trimester. [12] Heartburn often indicates the development of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), where the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes due to elevated progesterone levels causing increased ...
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
Safety concerns exist for fluoroquinolone use during pregnancy, so they are contraindicated unless no other safe alternative antibiotic exists. [53] However, one meta-analysis looking at the outcome of pregnancies involving quinolone use in the first trimester found no increased risk of malformations. [ 54 ]
Available data suggests that mefloquine is safe and effective for use by pregnant women during all trimesters of pregnancy, [24] and it is widely used for this indication. [25] In pregnant women, mefloquine appears to pose minimal risk to the fetus, [25] [26] and is not associated with increased risk of birth defects or miscarriages. [27]
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy.It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk.
Contraindications to mifepristone are inherited porphyria, chronic adrenal failure, and ectopic pregnancy. [44] [45] Some consider an intrauterine device in place to be a contraindication as well. [45] A previous allergic reaction to mifepristone or misoprostol is also a contraindication. [44]