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Antepartum bleeding is genital bleeding during pregnancy after the 28th week, which can be caused by various conditions such as placenta praevia, abnormal placentation, placental abruption, or vasa praevia. It is a medical emergency that can lead to death of the mother or baby and requires immediate treatment.
Abdominal pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy where the fetus grows outside the uterus, in the abdomen. It can be life-threatening and requires urgent diagnosis and treatment, which may include surgery, methotrexate, or conservative management.
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, which can cause bleeding, pain, low blood pressure, and complications for the mother and the baby. Learn about the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for this pregnancy complication.
Circumvallate placenta is a rare condition in which the fetal membranes surround the edges of the placenta, reducing blood and nutrient supply to the fetus. It can cause complications such as vaginal bleeding, preterm delivery, placental abruption, and fetal abnormalities.
Placenta praevia is a condition where the placenta attaches near or over the cervix, causing painless bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Learn about its causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and complications.
Placental disease is any disorder or pathology of the placenta that affects the pregnancy and the foetus. It can be caused by abnormal spiral arteries, trophoblast invasion, or placental abruption, and can lead to preeclampsia, IUGR, or stillbirth.
Postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage (PPH) is excessive blood loss after childbirth, often caused by uterine atony, trauma, retained placenta or coagulopathy. It can be life-threatening and occurs more frequently in certain risk factors, such as Asian ethnicity, caesarean section, obesity and older age.