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Finance theory (and practice) offers various models for estimating a particular firm's cost of equity: The capital asset pricing model, or CAPM, is prototypical. The Gordon Model, is a discounted cash flow model based on dividend returns and eventual capital return from the sale of the investment.
The Modigliani–Miller theorem (of Franco Modigliani, Merton Miller) is an influential element of economic theory; it forms the basis for modern thinking on capital structure. [1] The basic theorem states that in the absence of taxes, bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and asymmetric information, and in an efficient market, the enterprise value ...
Basic idea of agency theory. The principal–agent problem refers to the conflict in interests and priorities that arises when one person or entity (the "agent") takes actions on behalf of another person or entity (the "principal"). [1] The problem worsens when there is a greater discrepancy of interests and information between the principal ...
The top curve shows the tax shield gains of debt financing, while the bottom curve includes that minus the costs of bankruptcy. The trade-off theory of capital structure is the idea that a company chooses how much debt finance and how much equity finance to use by balancing the costs and benefits. The classical version of the hypothesis goes ...
Agency cost. An agency cost is an economic concept that refers to the costs associated with the relationship between a "principal" (an organization, person or group of persons), and an "agent". The agent is given powers to make decisions on behalf of the principal. However, the two parties may have different incentives and the agent generally ...
Corporate finance. In corporate finance, capital structure refers to the mix of various forms of external funds, known as capital, used to finance a business. It consists of shareholders' equity, debt (borrowed funds), and preferred stock, and is detailed in the company's balance sheet. The larger the debt component is in relation to the other ...
Adverse selection. In economics, insurance, and risk management, adverse selection is a market situation where asymmetric information results in a party taking advantage of undisclosed information to benefit more from a contract or trade. OBRIn an ideal world, buyers should pay a price which reflects their willingness to pay and the value to ...
v. t. e. Corporate finance is the area of finance that deals with the sources of funding, and the capital structure of businesses, the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders, and the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources. The primary goal of corporate finance is to maximize or increase ...