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Job performance, studied academically as part of industrial and organizational psychology, also forms a part of human resources management. Performance is an important criterion for organizational outcomes and success. John P. Campbell describes job performance as an individual-level variable, or something a single person does.
Employee motivation. Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal drive to put forth the necessary effort and action towards work-related activities. It has been broadly defined as the "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organisation, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence ...
Recreation. Surfing, a form of recreation. Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. [ 1] The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. [ 2] Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".
Psychology. Industrial and organizational psychology ( I-O psychology) "focuses the lens of psychological science on a key aspect of human life, namely, their work lives. In general, the goals of I-O psychology are to better understand and optimize the effectiveness, health, and well-being of both individuals and organizations." [ 1]
Organizational citizenship behavior. In industrial and organizational psychology, organizational citizenship behavior ( OCB) is a person's voluntary commitment within an organization or company that is not part of his or her contractual tasks. Organizational citizenship behavior has been studied since the late 1970s.
Managerial psychology is a sub-discipline of industrial and organizational psychology that focuses on the effectiveness of individuals and groups in the workplace, using behavioral science. The purpose of managerial psychology is to aid managers in gaining a better managerial and personal understanding of the psychological patterns common among ...
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. [1] Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.
Job attitude. A job attitude is a set of evaluations of one's job that constitute one's feelings toward, beliefs about, and attachment to one's job. [ 1] Overall job attitude can be conceptualized in two ways. Either as affective job satisfaction that constitutes a general or global subjective feeling about a job, [ 2] or as a composite of ...