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Speech scroll. Detail from Bernhard Strigel 's "Annunciation to Saint Anne". In art history, a speech scroll (also called a banderole or phylactery) [1] is an illustrative device denoting speech, song, or other types of sound. Developed independently on two continents, the device was in use by artists within Mesoamerican cultures from as early ...
Miniature of Vincent of Beauvais writing in a manuscript of the Speculum Historiale in French, Bruges, c. 1478–1480, British Library Royal 14 E. i, vol. 1, f. 3, probably representing the library of the Dukes of Burgundy. A scriptorium ( / skrɪpˈtɔːriəm / ⓘ) [ 1] was a writing room in medieval European monasteries for the copying and ...
The transmission of the Greek Classics to Latin Western Europe during the Middle Ages was a key factor in the development of intellectual life in Western Europe. [ 1] Interest in Greek texts and their availability was scarce in the Latin West during the Early Middle Ages, but as traffic to the East increased, so did Western scholarship.
The codex ( pl.: codices / ˈkoʊdɪsiːz /) [ 1] was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term codex is often used for ancient manuscript books, with handwritten contents. [ 2] A codex is bound by stacking the pages and securing one ...
A scroll (from the Old French escroe or escroue) is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing. [ 1] The history of scrolls dates back to ancient Egypt. In most ancient literate cultures scrolls were the earliest format for longer documents written in ink or paint on a flexible background, preceding bound books; [ 2] rigid media ...
Historians of the classical period tend to use roll instead of scroll. Rolls may still be many meters or feet long, and were used in the medieval and Early Modern period in Europe and various West Asian cultures for manuscript administrative documents intended for various uses, including accounting, rent-rolls, legal agreements, and inventories ...
Chivalry. Konrad von Limpurg as a knight being armed by his lady in the Codex Manesse (early 14th century) Chivalry, or the chivalric language, is an informal and varying code of conduct developed in Europe between 1170 and 1220. It is associated with the medieval Christian institution of knighthood, with knights being members of various ...
Continuous scroll decoration has a very long history, and such patterns were an essential element of classical and medieval decoration. The use of scrolls in ornament goes back to at least the Bronze Age; geometric scroll ornament has been found in the Palace of Knossos at Minoan Crete dating to approximately 1800 BC, [8] perhaps drawing from even earlier Egyptian styles; there were also early ...