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2. Expanded clay aggregate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_clay_aggregate

   Lightweight expanded clay aggregate ( LECA) or expanded clay ( exclay) is a lightweight aggregate made by heating clay to around 1,200 °C (2,190 °F) in a rotary kiln. The heating process causes gases trapped in the clay to expand, forming thousands of small bubbles and giving the material a porous structure. LECA has an approximately round or ...

3. Bentonite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentonite

   Bentonite layers from an ancient deposit of weathered volcanic ash tuff in Wyoming Gray shale and bentonites (Benton Shale; Colorado Springs, Colorado). Bentonite (/ ˈ b ɛ n t ə n aɪ t / BEN-tə-nyte) [1] [2] is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite (a type of smectite) which can either be Na-montmorillonite or Ca-montmorillonite.

4. Expansive clay - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansive_clay

   Expansive clay is a clay soil that is prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) that are directly related to changes in water content. [ 1] Soils with a high content of expansive minerals can form deep cracks in drier seasons or years; such soils are called vertisols. Soils with smectite clay minerals, including montmorillonite and ...

5. Smectite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smectite

   Smectite. A smectite (from Ancient Greek σμηκτός (smēktós) 'lubricated'; from σμηκτρίς (smēktrís) 'walker's earth, fuller's earth '; lit. 'rubbing earth; earth that has the property of cleaning') [ 1] is a mineral mixture of various swelling sheet silicates ( phyllosilicates ), which have a three-layer 2:1 (TOT) structure and ...

6. Kaolinite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinite

   Kaolinite ( / ˈkeɪ.ələˌnaɪt, - lɪ -/ KAY-ə-lə-nyte, -⁠lih-; also called kaolin) [ 5][ 6][ 7] is a clay mineral, with the chemical composition: Al 2 Si 2 O 5 ( OH) 4. It is a layered silicate mineral, with one tetrahedral sheet of silica ( SiO4) linked through oxygen atoms to one octahedral sheet of alumina ( AlO6 ).

7. Ball clay - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_clay

   Ball clay. Ball clays are kaolinitic sedimentary clays that commonly consist of 20–80% kaolinite, 10–25% mica and 6–65% quartz, along with small amounts of organic matter (such as lignite) and trace amounts of other minerals such as pyrite and siderite . They are a common raw material for various types of ceramics, where their primary ...