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The enamel on primary teeth has a more opaque crystalline form and thus appears whiter than on permanent teeth. The large amount of mineral in enamel accounts not only for its strength but also for its brittleness. [6] Tooth enamel ranks 5 on Mohs hardness scale (between steel and titanium) and has a Young's modulus of 83 GPa. [4]
Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test. [1] The transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in which a specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-section is bent ...
Glass ionomer cement. A glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a dental restorative material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement, [1] including for orthodontic bracket attachment. [2] Glass-ionomer cements are based on the reaction of silicate glass-powder (calciumaluminofluorosilicate glass [3]) and polyacrylic acid, an ionomer.
The wear rate of enamel, called attrition, is 8 micrometers a year from normal factors. [11] Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. [12] The large amount of minerals in enamel accounts not only for its strength but also for its brittleness. [10]
Dental cements have a wide range of dental and orthodontic applications. Common uses include temporary restoration of teeth, cavity linings to provide pulpal protection, sedation or insulation and cementing fixed prosthodontic appliances. [1] Recent uses of dental cement also include two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal activity in brains of ...
Enamel prism. An enamel prism, or enamel rod, is the basic unit of tooth enamel. Measuring 3-6 μm in diameter in primates, [1] enamel prism are tightly packed hydroxyapatite crystals structures. The hydroxyapatite crystals are hexagonal in shape, providing rigidity to the prism and strengthening the enamel.
Remineralization is a natural process and does not have to involve fluoride. Tooth remineralization is the natural repair process for non-cavitated tooth lesions, [1][2] in which calcium, phosphate and sometimes fluoride ions are deposited into crystal voids in demineralised enamel. Remineralization can contribute towards restoring strength and ...
Vitreous china. Vitreous china is an enamel coating that is applied to ceramics, particularly porcelain, after they have been fired, though the name can also refer to the finished piece as a whole. The coating makes the porcelain tougher, denser, and shinier, and it is a common choice for items such as toilets and sink basins. [1][2][3]