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A health system, health care system or healthcare system is an organization of people, institutions, and resources that delivers health care services to meet the health needs of target populations. There is a wide variety of health systems around the world, with as many histories and organizational structures as there are nations.
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Center of Excellence defines a health system as a group of healthcare organizations (e.g., physician practices, hospitals, skilled nursing facilities) that are jointly owned or managed (foundation models are considered a form of joint management).
Health systems are complex. For one, they are made up of multiple inter-acting components. Indeed, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), a health system consists of all ‘organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health’.
The definition of health systems has enormous variations, especially regarding the boundaries of the health system (Figueras & McKee, 2012). The most widely accepted definition was produced by the World Health Organization in its World Health Report 2000.
The overall framing structure within which health operates in a particular setting, a health system is the foundation upon which health actions may be enacted and the central space where populations interact with the institutions, people and tools whose primary aim is to address concerns of health and well-being. Systems approach.
A health system is an expensive knowledge-based industry made up of professionals, paraprofessionals, and administrative and support personnel. Human resources to provide and manage public health and clinical services are crucial to developing and sustaining national and global health systems.
The health system delivers preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative interventions through a combination of public health actions and the pyramid of health care facilities that deliver personal health care — by both State and non-State actors.