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Wastewater treatment, the removal of impurities from wastewater before it reaches aquifers or natural bodies of water. Wastewater treatment is a major element of water pollution control. Learn more about the types of wastewater treatment systems, the technologies used, and the history of treating wastewater.
Wastewater treatment - Sedimentation, Filtration, Clarification: Primary treatment removes material that will either float or readily settle out by gravity. It includes the physical processes of screening, comminution, grit removal, and sedimentation.
Wastewater treatment - Sewerage, Pollution, Purification: A sewerage system, or wastewater collection system, is a network of pipes, pumping stations, and appurtenances that convey sewage from its points of origin to a point of treatment and disposal.
Treatment and disposal of sewage sludge are major factors in the design and operation of all wastewater treatment plants. Two basic goals of treating sludge before final disposal are to reduce its volume and to stabilize the organic materials.
In wastewater treatment: Land treatment …by natural processes as the wastewater flows over vegetation and percolates through the soil. There are three types of land treatment: slow-rate, rapid infiltration, and overland flow.
Wastewater treatment - Cluster, Pollutants, Reuse: In certain instances when it is not feasible to connect residences or units to public sewer systems, communities may opt for a clustered wastewater treatment system.
Wastewater treatment - Pollutants, Contamination, Purification: Water pollutants may originate from point sources or from dispersed sources. A point-source pollutant is one that reaches water from a single pipeline or channel, such as a sewage discharge or outfall pipe.
Wastewater treatment - Oxidation, Pond, Pollutants: Oxidation ponds, also called lagoons or stabilization ponds, are large, shallow ponds designed to treat wastewater through the interaction of sunlight, bacteria, and algae. Algae grow using energy from the sun and carbon dioxide and inorganic compounds released by bacteria in water.
Ecological and economical natural wastewater treatment and disposal systems have already gained importance in many places, especially in smaller communities. These include constructed wetlands, lagoons, stabilization ponds, soil filters, drip irrigation, groundwater recharge, and other similar systems.
There are three levels of wastewater treatment: primary, secondary, and tertiary (or advanced). Primary treatment removes about 60 percent of total suspended solids and about 35 percent of BOD; dissolved impurities are not removed.