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  2. Oil immersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_immersion

    Immersion oils are transparent oils that have specific optical and viscosity characteristics necessary for use in microscopy. Typical oils used have an index of refraction of around 1.515. [1] An oil immersion objective is an objective lens specially designed to be used in this way. Many condensers also give optimal resolution when the ...

  3. Optical microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope

    Optical microscope. The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.

  4. Bright-field microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bright-field_microscopy

    Immersion oil has the same refraction as glass and improves the resolution of the observed specimen. Use of sample-staining methods for use in microbiology , such as simple stains ( methylene blue , safranin , crystal violet ) and differential stains (negative stains, flagellar stains, endospore stains).

  5. Objective (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_(optics)

    Two Leica oil immersion microscope objective lenses; left 100×, right 40×. The objective lens of a microscope is the one at the bottom near the sample. At its simplest, it is a very high-powered magnifying glass, with very short focal length. This is brought very close to the specimen being examined so that the light from the specimen comes ...

  6. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection...

    Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope. A total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) is a type of microscope with which a thin region of a specimen, usually less than 200 nanometers can be observed. TIRFM is an imaging modality which uses the excitation of fluorescent cells in a thin optical specimen section that is ...

  7. Optical sectioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_sectioning

    Optical sectioning is the process by which a suitably designed microscope can produce clear images of focal planes deep within a thick sample. This is used to reduce the need for thin sectioning using instruments such as the microtome. Many different techniques for optical sectioning are used and several microscopy techniques are specifically ...

  8. Numerical aperture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_aperture

    The numerical aperture with respect to a point P depends on the half-angle, θ1, of the maximum cone of light that can enter or exit the lens and the ambient index of refraction. As a pencil of light goes through a flat plane of glass, its half-angle changes to θ2. Due to Snell's law, the numerical aperture remains the same: NA = n1 sin θ1 ...

  9. Index-matching material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index-matching_material

    Immersion oils are transparent oils that have specific optical and viscosity characteristics necessary for use in microscopy. Typical oils used have an index of refraction around 1.515. [2] An oil immersion objective is an objective lens specially designed to be used in this way.

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