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State of charge. State of charge (SoC) quantifies the remaining capacity available in a battery at a given time and in relation to a given state of ageing. [1] It is usually expressed as percentage (0% = empty; 100% = full). An alternative form of the same measure is the depth of discharge (DoD), calculated as 1 − SoC (100% = empty; 0% = full ...
The battery's open-circuit voltage can also be used to gauge the state of charge. [15] If the connections to the individual cells are accessible, then the state of charge of each cell can be determined which can provide a guide as to the state of health of the battery as a whole; otherwise, the overall battery voltage may be assessed.
This results in a preference for Ni–Cd over non-LSD NiMH batteries in applications where the current draw on the battery is lower than the battery's own self-discharge rate (for example, television remote controls). In both types of cell, the self-discharge rate is highest for a full charge state and drops off somewhat for lower charge states.
Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion.As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here.
An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections [ 1 ] for powering electrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. [ 2 ] The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that will ...
An alkaline battery (IEC code: L) is a type of primary battery where the electrolyte (most commonly potassium hydroxide) has a pH value above 7. Typically these batteries derive energy from the reaction between zinc metal and manganese dioxide. Compared with zinc–carbon batteries of the Leclanché cell or zinc chloride types, alkaline ...
the fraction of the battery's capacity which is currently removed from the battery with regard to its (fully) charged state. For fully charged batteries, the depth of discharge is connected to the state of charge by the simple formula. D o D = 1 − S o C {\displaystyle \mathrm {DoD} =1-\mathrm {SoC} } The depth of discharge then is the ...
For example, consider a battery with a capacity of 200 Ah at the C 20 rate (C 20 means the 20-hour rate – i.e. the rate that will fully discharge the battery in 20 hours – which in this case is 10 Amps). If this battery is discharged at 10 A, it will last 20 hours, giving the rated capacity of 200Ah.