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A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen -coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response. [1][2] DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen (s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells ...
IC41 is a peptide vaccine candidate against the Hepatitis C virus. It consists of five synthetic peptides along with the synthetic adjuvant called poly-l-arginine. [13] Multimeric-001 is the most efficient peptide vaccine candidate against influenza. It contains B- and T-cell epitopes from Hemagglutinin.
The dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine is an innovation in therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells for the induction of antigen specific T cell response. [1] DC-based immunotherapy is safe and can promote antitumor immune responses and prolonged survival of cancer patients.
Self-assembly is the spontaneous organization of smaller subunits to form larger, well-organized patterns. [3] For nanoparticles, this spontaneous assembly is a consequence of interactions between the particles aimed at achieving a thermodynamic equilibrium and reducing the system’s free energy.
A nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) is a synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) in which some nucleosides are replaced by other naturally modified nucleosides or by synthetic nucleoside analogues. [ 1 ] modRNA is used to induce the production of a desired protein in certain cells. An important application is the development of mRNA vaccines ...
A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains purified parts of the pathogen that are antigenic, or necessary to elicit a protective immune response. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Subunit vaccine can be made from dissembled viral particles in cell culture or recombinant DNA expression, [ 3 ] in which case it is a recombinant subunit vaccine .
Applications of nanotechnology. The applications of nanotechnology, commonly incorporate industrial, medicinal, and energy uses. These include more durable construction materials, therapeutic drug delivery, and higher density hydrogen fuel cells that are environmentally friendly. Being that nanoparticles and nanodevices are highly versatile ...
How vectors work to transfer genetic material. Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).