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2. LED lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_lamp

   LED lamp. A 230-volt LED lamp with an E27 base (10 watts, 806 lumens, 3000 Kelvins) Type. Light-emitting diode, light bulb. First production. 1968; 56 years ago (1968) A 230-volt LED filament lamp, with an E27 base. The filaments are visible as the eight yellow vertical lines. An assortment of LED lamps commercially available in 2010 ...

3. Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

   The flat bottom surfaces of the anvil and post embedded inside the epoxy act as anchors, to prevent the conductors from being forcefully pulled out via mechanical strain or vibration. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron ...

4. Luminous flux - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_flux

   Luminous flux (in lumens) is a measure of the total amount of light a lamp puts out. The luminous intensity (in candelas) is a measure of how bright the beam in a particular direction is. If a lamp has a 1 lumen bulb and the optics of the lamp are set up to focus the light evenly into a 1 steradian beam, then the beam would have a luminous ...

5. Light-emitting diode physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_physics

   White LEDs quickly matched and overtook the efficacy of standard incandescent lighting systems. In 2002, Lumileds made five-watt LEDs available with luminous efficacy of 18–22 lumens per watt (lm/W). For comparison, a conventional incandescent light bulb of 60–100 watts emits around 15 lm/W, and standard fluorescent lights emit up to 100 lm/W.

6. Standard illuminant - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_illuminant

   Standard illuminant. Relative spectral power distributions (SPDs) of CIE illuminants A, B, and C from 380 nm to 780 nm. A standard illuminant is a theoretical source of visible light with a spectral power distribution that is published. Standard illuminants provide a basis for comparing images or colors recorded under different lighting.

7. Lumen (unit) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(unit)

   The lumen (symbol: lm) is the unit of luminous flux, a measure of the perceived power of visible light emitted by a source, in the International System of Units (SI). ). Luminous flux differs from power (radiant flux) in that radiant flux includes all electromagnetic waves emitted, while luminous flux is weighted according to a model (a "luminosity function") of the human eye's sensitivity to ...