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Evolutionary history of plants. A late Silurian sporangium, artificially colored. Green: A spore tetrad. Blue: A spore bearing a trilete mark – the Y -shaped scar. The spores are about 30–35 μm across. The evolution of plants has resulted in a wide range of complexity, from the earliest algal mats of unicellular archaeplastids evolved ...
Decoupage or découpage ( / ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [ 1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements. Commonly, an object like a small box or an item of furniture is covered by cutouts from magazines or from ...
Timeline of fish evolution. The evolution of fishes took place over a timeline which spans the Cambrian to the Cenozoic, including during that time in particular the Devonian, which has been dubbed the "age of fishes" for the many changes during that period. The Late Devonian extinctions played a crucial role in shaping the evolution of fish ...
Aquaponics is a food production system that couples aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as fish, crayfish, snails or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) whereby the nutrient-rich aquaculture water is fed to hydroponically grown plants. [ 1]
A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Ecologists can broadly define all life forms as either autotrophs or heterotrophs, based on their trophic levels, the position that they occupy in the food web.
Thelenota ananas, a giant sea cucumber from the Indo-Pacific tropics. Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea ( / ˌhɒləˌθjʊəˈrɔɪdiə, ˌhoʊ -/ HOL-ə-thure-OY-dee-ə, HOHL- ). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. They are found on the sea floor ...
The legs are without joints, while the feet have four to eight claws each. The cuticle contains chitin and protein and is moulted periodically. The first three pairs of legs are directed downward along the sides and are the primary means of locomotion, while the fourth pair is directed backward on the last segment of the trunk and is used ...
[14] [15] Other plant foods domesticated in Africa include watermelon, okra, tamarind and black eyed peas, along with tree crops such as the kola nut and oil palm. [16] Plantains were cultivated in Africa by 3000 BC and bananas by 1500 BC. [17] [18] The helmeted guineafowl was domesticated in West Africa. [19]