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Erbium is a chemical element; it has symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white [ 7 ] solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements. It is a lanthanide, a rare-earth element, originally found in the gadolinite mine in Ytterby, Sweden, which is the source of the element's ...
This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3.
Electron configuration. In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. [1] For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6, meaning that the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells are occupied by ...
Terbium is a chemical element; it has the symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable and ductile. The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is ...
The erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is the most deployed fiber amplifier as its amplification window coincides with the third transmission window of silica-based optical fiber. The core of a silica fiber is doped with trivalent erbium ions (Er 3+ ) and can be efficiently pumped with a laser at or near wavelengths of 980 nm and 1480 nm, and ...
Erbium oxide is produced by burning erbium metal. [3] Erbium oxide is insoluble in water but soluble in mineral acids. Er 2 O 3 does not readily absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It can react with acids to form the corresponding erbium (III) salts. For example, with hydrochloric acid, the oxide follows the following ...
Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion. The latter can be regarded as the ionization energy ...
Naturally occurring erbium (68 Er) is composed of six stable isotopes, with 166 Er being the most abundant (33.503% natural abundance).Thirty-nine radioisotopes have been characterized with between 74 and 112 neutrons, or 142 to 180 nucleons, with the most stable being 169 Er with a half-life of 9.4 days, 172 Er with a half-life of 49.3 hours, 160 Er with a half-life of 28.58 hours, 165 Er ...