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Byzantine art comprises the body of artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. Though the empire itself emerged from the decline of western Rome and lasted until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the start date of the Byzantine period is rather clearer in art history than in political history, if still imprecise.
A secondary meaning (based on a non-standard translation of the Greek and Russian equivalent terms) is the production or study of the religious images, called "icons", in the Byzantine and Orthodox Christian tradition. This usage is mostly found in works translated from languages such as Greek or Russian, with the correct term being "icon ...
Byzantine flags and insignia. For most of its history, the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire did not use heraldry in the Western European sense of permanent motifs transmitted through hereditary right. [1] Various large aristocratic families employed certain symbols to identify themselves; [1] the use of the cross, and of icons of Christ, the ...
Christ Pantocrator from Saint Catherine's Monastery in Sinai. Christ Pantocrator of Saint Catherine's Monastery is one of the oldest Byzantine religious icons, dating from the 6th century AD. [1] The earliest known surviving depiction of Jesus Christ as Pantocrator (literally ruler of all ), it is regarded by historians and scholars among the ...
In Christian iconography, Christ Pantocrator ( Greek: Χριστὸς Παντοκράτωρ) [1] is a specific depiction of Christ. Pantocrator or Pantokrator, literally ruler of all, but usually translated as "Almighty" or "all-powerful", is derived from one of many names of God in Judaism . The Pantokrator is largely an Eastern Orthodox or ...
Icon of the Triumph of Orthodoxy depicting the "Triumph of Orthodoxy" over iconoclasm under the Byzantine empress Theodora and her son Michael III, late 14th to early 15th century. Iconoclasm (from Greek: εἰκών, eikṓn, 'figure, icon' + κλάω, kláō, 'to break') [i] is the social belief in the importance of the destruction of icons ...
In total there are 14 images throughout the psalter. Byzantine illuminated manuscripts were produced across the Byzantine Empire, some in monasteries but others in imperial or commercial workshops. Religious images or icons were made in Byzantine art in many different media: mosaics, paintings, small statues and illuminated manuscripts.
The Virgin of Vladimir, also known as Vladimir Mother of God, Our Lady of Vladimir [1] ( Russian: Владимирская икона Божией Матери; , { {efn|Sometimes also referred to as Our Lady of Vyshhorod and the Theotokos of Vladimir ( Greek: Θεοτόκος του Βλαντίμιρ ), is a 12th-century Byzantine icon ...