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Acute interstitial pneumonitis (also known as acute interstitial pneumonia) is a rare, severe lung disease that usually affects otherwise healthy individuals. There is no known cause or cure. Acute interstitial pneumonitis is often categorized as both an interstitial lung disease and a form of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) is a type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia featuring elevated numbers of macrophages within the alveoli of the lung. [1] DIP is a chronic disorder with an insidious onset. Its common symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, fever, weakness, weight loss, and fatigue.
In those with underlying heart or lung disease, effective control of congestive and respiratory symptoms can help prevent pulmonary edema. [37] Dexamethasone is in widespread use for the prevention of high altitude pulmonary edema. Sildenafil is used as a preventive treatment for altitude-induced pulmonary edema and pulmonary hypertension.
Depending on the type of alveolar lung disease, the listener may hear "crackles" that indicate an excess of fluid in the lungs or an absence of lung sounds in certain regions which may indicate poor ventilation due to consolidation of pus or fibrosis. [6] A pulse oximeter is a device that measures the amount of oxygen available in the blood ...
Basic airway management is a concept and set of medical procedures performed to prevent and treat airway obstruction and allow for adequate ventilation to a patient's lungs. [1] This is accomplished by clearing or preventing obstructions of airways. Airway obstructions can occur in both conscious and unconscious individuals.
Radiation, used to treat cancer, can cause pneumonitis when applied to the chest or full body. [16] Radiation pneumonitis occurs in approximately 30% of advanced lung cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. [16] Aspiration pneumonitis is caused by a chemical inhalation of harmful gastric contents which include causes such as:
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD): an acute lung condition with the presence of hyaline membranes. [2] These hyaline membranes are made up of dead cells, surfactant , and proteins. [ 1 ] The hyaline membranes deposit along the walls of the alveoli, where gas exchange typically occurs, thereby making gas exchange difficult.
Additional consideration is given to the treatment setting; most patients are cured by oral medication, while others must be hospitalized for intravenous therapy or intensive care. Current treatment guidelines recommend a beta-lactam, like amoxicillin, and a macrolide, like azithromycin or clarithromycin, or a quinolone, such as levofloxacin.