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In contrast, if the entire Earth was covered by water – a so-called ocean planet – the average temperature on the planet would rise to almost 27 °C (81 °F). [19] In 2021, scientists reported that Earth dimmed by ~0.5% over two decades (1998–2017) as measured by earthshine using modern photometric techniques.
Cloud albedo is a measure of the albedo or reflectivity of a cloud. Clouds regulate the amount of solar radiation absorbed by a planet and its solar surface irradiance . Generally, increased cloud cover correlates to a higher albedo and a lower absorption of solar energy .
Radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. This is sometimes also called "radiant power", and called luminosity in Astronomy. Spectral flux: Φ e,ν [nb 3] watt per hertz: W/Hz: M⋅L 2 ⋅T −2: Radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅nm −1. Φ e,λ [nb 4] watt ...
CERES is designed to measure both solar-reflected (short wavelength) and Earth-emitted (long wavelength) radiation. [46] The CERES data showed increases in EEI from +0.42 ± 0.48 W/m 2 in 2005 to +1.12 ± 0.48 W/m 2 in 2019. Contributing factors included more water vapor, less clouds, increasing greenhouse gases, and declining ice that were ...
A European Space Agency satellite has observed the shiniest exoplanet ever discovered. The scorching world has reflective clouds made of silicates and titanium.
Radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. This is sometimes also called "radiant power", and called luminosity in Astronomy. Spectral flux: Φ e,ν [nb 3] watt per hertz: W/Hz: M⋅L 2 ⋅T −2: Radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅nm −1. Φ e,λ [nb 4] watt ...
Planetlight is the diffuse reflection of sunlight from a planet, whose albedo can be measured. The most observed and familiar example of planetshine is earthshine on the Moon , which is most visible from the night side of Earth when the lunar phase is crescent or nearly new , [ 1 ] without the atmospheric brightness of the daytime sky.
Another measure of reflectance, depending only on the outgoing direction, is I/F, where I is the radiance reflected in a given direction and F is the incoming radiance averaged over all directions, in other words, the total flux of radiation hitting the surface per unit area, divided by π. [2]