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Echinococcus granulosus, also called the hydatid worm or dog tapeworm, is a cyclophyllid cestode that dwells in the small intestine of canids as an adult, but which has important intermediate hosts such as livestock and humans, where it causes cystic echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease.
In 1855, Rudolf Virchow, the German pathologist, recognized that the disorder that was at the time known as colloid carcinoma of the liver, which was known for its tumor-like lesions in the liver, were actually caused by an Echinococcus species. For 100 year it was debated whether the species was E. granulosus or a different species.
Removal of cysts (here, from a definitive host, a cat) Cysts in a cotton rat Micrograph showing the characteristic laminated cyst wall.H&E stain. In the human manifestation of the disease, E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, E. oligarthrus and E. vogeli are localized in the liver (in 75% of cases), the lungs (in 5–15% of cases) and other organs ...
The first symptoms typically include fever, intermittent abdominal pain, and an enlarged liver.Occasionally, yellow discoloration of the skin occurs. [4] Caroli disease usually occurs in the presence of other diseases, such as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, cholangitis, gallstones, biliary abscess, sepsis, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure, and cholangiocarcinoma (7% affected). [2]
Numerous little cysts with ringdown artefacts. Laboratory findings include high transaminase levels, raised gamma-glutamyl transferase or alkaline phosphatase levels, increased C-reactive protein , hypoalbuminemia , and hematologic abnormalities like thrombocytopenia , leukopenia , leukocytosis , and anemia .
Choledochal cysts are treated by surgical excision of the cyst with the formation of a roux-en-Y anastomosis hepaticojejunostomy/ choledochojejunostomy to the biliary duct. Future complications include cholangitis and a 2% risk of malignancy, which may develop in any part of the biliary tree. A recent article published in the Journal of Surgery ...
Hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD or MVD) or portal atresia is a disorder where mixing of venous blood and arterial blood in the liver occurs at the microscopic level. It occurs most commonly in certain dog breeds such as the Cairn and Yorkshire terriers although any dog breed may be at risk. [1] [2] [3] This disease may also be found in cats.
Ascites (/ ə ˈ s aɪ t i z /; [5] Greek: ἀσκός, romanized: askos, meaning "bag" or "sac" [6]) is the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen. [1] Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, although volumes greater than one liter may occur. [4]