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[6] [7] [8] There are almost invariably only two gamete types, all analyses showing that intermediate gamete sizes are eliminated due to selection. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Since intermediate sized gametes do not have the same advantages as small or large ones, [ 11 ] they do worse than small ones in mobility and numbers, and worse than large ones in supply.
Two single-celled haploid gametes, each containing n unpaired chromosomes, fuse to form a single-celled diploid zygote, which now contains n pairs of chromosomes, i.e. 2n chromosomes in total. [ 17 ] The single-celled diploid zygote germinates, dividing by the normal process ( mitosis ), which maintains the number of chromosomes at 2 n .
Germ cells are specified early in development [4] and can only differentiate into gametes. [5] The segregation of germ cells is often determined by the species, with some undergoing preformation, where the germ cells are determined by maternally inherited factors before or immediately after fertilisation, and others undergoing epigenesis, where the germ cell lineage is determined from ...
Dioecy (/ d aɪ ˈ iː s i / dy-EE-see; [1] from Ancient Greek διοικία dioikía 'two households'; adj. dioecious, / d aɪ ˈ iː ʃ (i) ə s / dy-EE-sh(ee-)əs) [2] [3] is a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants).
Roman numerals: for example the word "six" in the clue might be used to indicate the letters VI The name of a chemical element may be used to signify its symbol; e.g., W for tungsten The days of the week; e.g., TH for Thursday
Note 1] Some isogamous species have more than two mating types, but the number is usually lower than ten. In some extremely rare cases, such as in some basidiomycete species, a species can have thousands of mating types. [7] Under the strict definition of isogamy, fertilization occurs when two gametes fuse to form a zygote. [8]
Gametogenesis is the formation or production of gametes (taking place during meiosis). The development and maturation of sex cells also takes place during meiosis. Gametogenesis is also the process of formation in male and female gametes that occur in the gonads (ovary and testis). Both male and female produce gametes.
Dioicy promotes outcrossing. [3] Sexual dimorphism is commonly found in dioicous species. [4]: 71 [2]: 378 Dioicy is correlated with reduced sporophyte production, [5] due to spatial separation of male and female colonies, scarcity or absence of males.
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