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Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the liver, a condition called cholestasis .
Liver cirrhosis makes it hard for blood to flow in the portal venous system. [38] This resistance creates a backup of blood and increases pressure. [38] This results in portal hypertension. Effects of portal hypertension include: Ascites is a build-up of fluid in the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen [39] An enlarged spleen in 35–50% of cases [6]
NAFLD progresses through four stages: fatty liver (NAFL), where fat builds up in the liver without inflammation; NASH, which involves fat and inflammation that can harm liver cells; fibrosis ...
MASLD constitutes the third most common risk factor for liver cancer. [130] Cirrhosis is found in only about 50% of people with MASLD and with liver cancer, so liver cancer may occur without cirrhosis being present. [14] MASLD is a precursor of metabolic syndrome, although a bidirectional influence is possible.
Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis and steatotic liver disease (SLD), is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver. [1] Often there are no or few symptoms. [1] [2] Occasionally there may be tiredness or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen. [1] Complications may include cirrhosis, liver cancer, and ...
Portal hypertension, a complication of cirrhosis, which can manifest with esophageal and parastomal varices [10] as well as hepatic encephalopathy (mental status alteration/disturbance caused by liver dysfunction and shunting of blood away from the scarred liver; such that ammonia detoxification is reduced with concomitant encephalopathy) or ...
Liver regeneration is the process by which the liver is able to replace damaged or lost liver tissue. The liver is the only visceral organ with the capacity to regenerate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The liver can regenerate after partial hepatectomy or injury due to hepatotoxic agents such as certain medications, toxins, or chemicals. [ 3 ]
Chronic liver disease takes several years to develop and the condition may not be recognised unless there is clinical awareness of subtle signs and investigation of abnormal liver function tests. Testing for chronic liver disease involves blood tests, imaging including ultrasound, and a biopsy of the liver. The liver biopsy is a simple ...