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Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development.It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [1]
There are several questionnaires used to assess environmental and psychosocial stress. Such self-report measures include the Test of Negative Social Exchange, [17] the Marital Adjustment Test, [18] the Risky Families Questionnaire, [19] the Holmes–Rahe Stress Inventory, [20] the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress, [21] the Daily Stress Inventory, [22] the Job Content ...
The body's stress response is more intensely activated due to severe stressors. [14] Some examples of tolerable stressors are family disruptions, accidents or a death of a loved one. It is important though to realize that such stressors are only tolerable when managed the correct way. Tolerable stress can turn into positive stress. [14]
The child's relative understanding of the world and society comes from the parents and their interaction with the child. Children first learn to trust their parents or a caregiver. If the parents expose their child to warmth, security, and dependable affection, the infant's view of the world will be one of trust.
Trauma affects all children differently (see stress in early childhood). Some children who experience trauma develop significant and long-lasting problems, while others may have minimal symptoms and recover more quickly. [57] Studies have found that despite the broad impacts of trauma, children can and do recover with appropriate interventions.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: This refers to children who may be experiencing or has experienced a single traumatic event (e.g. an earthquake), a series of traumatic events (e.g. air raids), or chronic stress (e.g. abuse). Furthermore, the nature of the trauma and its effect on the child must be contextually understood.
For example, research has identified the amygdala, ventral striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray as key areas of activation during administration of emotional tasks. [10] In a typically developing child, maturation of neural and neuroendocrine systems is related
Children who are under stress, experiencing loss or grief, or have other underlying disorders are at a higher risk for depression. Childhood depression is often comorbid with mental disorders outside of other mood disorders, most commonly anxiety disorder and conduct disorder. Highlighting the pivotal role of adolescence and young adulthood ...