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Learn about the structure and function of DNA, including its role in inheritance and genetic information storage.
Learn about the discovery and structure of DNA, including key experiments and scientists involved.
A key historical experiment that demonstrated the semi-conservative mechanism of DNA replication.
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecular basis for inheritance, discovered in the mid-1800s and understood in 1953 with the double helix structure. Composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and base pairs (adenine-thymine, guanine-cytosine), DNA stores genetic information, replicates, and expresses traits.
DNA and RNA, composed of nucleotide building blocks, store hereditary information. These polymers have a backbone of alternating ribose and phosphate groups, with nitrogenous bases forming ladder rungs.
All cells have a cell membrane that separates the inside and the outside of the cell, and controls what goes in and comes out. The cell membrane surrounds a cell’s cytoplasm, which is a jelly-like substance containing the cell’s parts.
The cell cycle is composed of interphase (G₁, S, and G₂ phases), followed by the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis), and G₀ phase.
Our modern understanding of DNA's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications, including forensic analysis, paternity testing, and genetic screening. Thanks to these wide-ranging uses, today many people have at least a basic awareness of DNA.
Composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and base pairs (adenine-thymine, guanine-cytosine), DNA stores genetic information, replicates, and expresses traits. The human genome contains 6 billion base pairs across 46 chromosomes, making it a compact and efficient information storage system.
Structure and roles of transfer RNAs and ribosomes. Codons, anticodons, and wobble. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.