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The Machine Question: Critical Perspectives on AI, Robots, and Ethics is a 2012 nonfiction book by David J. Gunkel that discusses the evolution of the theory of human ethical responsibilities toward non-human things and to what extent intelligent, autonomous machines can be considered to have legitimate moral responsibilities and what legitimate claims to moral consideration they can hold.
The term "robot ethics" (sometimes "roboethics") refers to the morality of how humans design, construct, use and treat robots. [14] Robot ethics intersect with the ethics of AI. Robots are physical machines whereas AI can be only software. [15] Not all robots function through AI systems and not all AI systems are robots. Robot ethics considers ...
James H. Moor, one of the pioneering theoreticians in the field of computer ethics, defines four kinds of ethical robots.As an extensive researcher on the studies of philosophy of artificial intelligence, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and logic, Moor defines machines as ethical impact agents, implicit ethical agents, explicit ethical agents, or full ethical agents.
Robot ethics, sometimes known as "roboethics", concerns ethical problems that occur with robots, such as whether robots pose a threat to humans in the long or short run, whether some uses of robots are problematic (such as in healthcare or as 'killer robots' in war), and how robots should be designed such that they act 'ethically' (this last concern is also called machine ethics).
It is a part of the ethics of artificial intelligence and is closely related to machine ethics. While machine ethics is concerned with how an artificially intelligent agent should behave, friendly artificial intelligence research is focused on how to practically bring about this behavior and ensuring it is adequately constrained.
A fifth law was introduced by Nikola Kesarovski in his short story "The Fifth Law of Robotics". This fifth law says: "A robot must know it is a robot." The plot revolves around a murder where the forensic investigation discovers that the victim was killed by a hug from a humaniform robot that did not establish for itself that it was a robot. [4]
Robotics is the interdisciplinary study and practice of the design, construction, operation, and use of robots. [1] Within mechanical engineering, robotics is the design and construction of the physical structures of robots, while in computer science, robotics focuses on robotic automation algorithms.
In 2012 Winfield joined the British Standards Institute working group on robot ethics [51] which drafted BS 8611:2016 Robots and robotic devices: Guide to the ethical design and application of robots and robotic systems. [18] From 2015 to 2018 Winfield was a member of the Ethics Advisory Board of the EU Human Brain Project. [52]