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Montage of planets and some moons that the two Voyager spacecraft have visited and studied. It is the only program that visited all four outer planets. A total of nine spacecraft have been launched on missions that involve visits to the outer planets; all nine missions involve encounters with Jupiter, with four spacecraft also visiting Saturn.
Artist's depiction of Pioneer 10, the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter. The exploration of Jupiter has been conducted via close observations by automated spacecraft.It began with the arrival of Pioneer 10 into the Jovian system in 1973, and, as of 2024, has continued with eight further spacecraft missions in the vicinity of Jupiter and two more en route.
In February 1992, Ulysses passed close to Jupiter, utilizing its gravity to alter its trajectory and propel it into a high-inclination orbit around the Sun. This enabled the spacecraft to study the Sun's polar regions. Given its distance from the Sun during the mission, Ulysses could not rely on solar panels for power.
First solar-powered Jupiter orbiter, first mission to achieve a polar orbit of Jupiter. 2011-040A: JUICE: ESA: 14 April 2023 (launch) orbiter en route mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet. [60] Europa Clipper: NASA
The spacecraft traveled a total distance of roughly 2.8 × 10 ^ 9 km (19 AU; 1.7 × 10 ^ 9 mi) to reach Jupiter. [20] The spacecraft was designed to orbit Jupiter 37 times over the course of its mission. This was originally planned to take 20 months. [4] [5]
The spacecraft came so close to our star that if the distance between Earth and the sun were the length of an American football field, the spacecraft would be about 4 yards from the end zone ...
The spacecraft is expected to send back detailed data about its condition and experiences on January 1. Nasa said: “Following its record-breaking closest approach to the sun, Nasa’s Parker ...
The nearest star is 4.2 light-years away, and at 15.341 km/s, the spacecraft travels one light-year in about 19,541 years - during which time the nearby stars will also move substantially. In roughly 42,000 years, Voyager 2 will pass the star Ross 248 (10.30 light-years away from Earth) at a distance of 1.7 light-years. [ 94 ]