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Cell wall, specialized form of extracellular matrix that surrounds every cell of a plant. The cell wall distinguishes plant cells from animal cells and provides physical support and protection. Learn about the functions and chemical components of plant cell walls.
A cell wall is an outer layer surrounding certain cells that is outside of the cell membrane. All cells have cell membranes, but generally only plants, fungi, algae, most bacteria, and archaea have cells with cell walls.
Diagram of the plant cell, with the cell wall in green. Cell walls serve similar purposes in those organisms that possess them. They may give cells rigidity and strength, offering protection against mechanical stress. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the cell wall are linked with plant cell growth and morphogenesis. [11]
The plant cell wall is an elaborate extracellular matrix that encloses each cell in a plant. It was the thick cell walls of cork, visible in a primitive microscope, that in 1663 enabled Robert Hooke to distinguish and name cells for the first time.
It is the outermost, protective layer of a plant cell having a thickness of 20-80 nm. Cell walls are made up of carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin and a complex organic polymer called lignin. They are double membrane-bound organelles that have their own genetic material. Plastids are mainly of three types:
A cell wall is an outer rigid semi-elastic supportive and protective layer. It is present around the plasma membrane. It provides mechanical support and helps in maintaining the shape of the plant cell. The cell wall is present in the plant cell and absent in the animal cell which distinguishes them from each other.
What Is the Cell Wall? A plant cell wall is arranged in layers and contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and soluble protein. These components are organized into...
Growing plant cells assemble a strong yet extensible nanofibrillar structure on their surface, the primary cell wall, which physically limits cell growth and defines cell size and shape.
Cell Wall: Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a rigid cell wall outside the plasma membrane. This cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate, that provides structural support, protection and helps maintain the cell’s shape.
The plant cell wall is composed of multiple biopolymers, representing one of the most complex structural networks in nature. Hundreds of genes are involved in building such a natural masterpiece. However, the plant cell wall is the least understood cellular structure in plants.