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The first volume introduces combinatorial game theory and its foundation in the surreal numbers; partizan and impartial games; Sprague–Grundy theory and misère games. The second volume applies the theorems of the first volume to many games, including nim , sprouts , dots and boxes , Sylver coinage , philosopher's phutball , fox and geese .
Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. [1] It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. [2]
Combinatorial Games: Tic-Tac-Toe Theory is a monograph on the mathematics of tic-tac-toe and other positional games, written by József Beck. It was published in 2008 by the Cambridge University Press as volume 114 of their Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications book series ( ISBN 978-0-521-46100-9 ).
Combinatorial game theory has a different emphasis than "traditional" or "economic" game theory, which was initially developed to study games with simple combinatorial structure, but with elements of chance (although it also considers sequential moves, see extensive-form game).
For the purposes of the Sprague–Grundy theorem, a game is a two-player sequential game of perfect information satisfying the ending condition (all games come to an end: there are no infinite lines of play) and the normal play condition (a player who cannot move loses).
Almgren–Pitts min-max theory; Approximation theory; Arakelov theory; Asymptotic theory; Automata theory; Bass–Serre theory; Bifurcation theory; Braid theory; Brill–Noether theory; Catastrophe theory; Category theory; Chaos theory; Character theory; Choquet theory; Class field theory; Cobordism theory; Coding theory; Cohomology theory ...
The book is aimed at students, [1] [6] written for a general audience, and does not require any background in mathematics beyond high school algebra. [2] [3] [5] However, many of its chapters include exercises, making it suitable for teaching high school or undergraduate-level courses using it.
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944 [1] by Princeton University Press, is a book by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern which is considered the groundbreaking text that created the interdisciplinary research field of game theory.