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Stages of play is a theory and classification of children's participation in play developed by Mildred Parten Newhall in her 1929 dissertation. [1] Parten observed American preschool age (ages 2 to 5) children at free play (defined as anything unrelated to survival, production or profit). Parten recognized six different types of play:
Playfulness by Paul Manship. Play is a range of intrinsically motivated activities done for recreation. [1] Play is commonly associated with children and juvenile-level activities, but may be engaged in at any life stage, and among other higher-functioning animals as well, most notably mammals and birds.
Play therapy is a form of psychotherapy which uses play as the main mode of communication especially with children, and people whose speech capacity may be compromised, to determine and overcome psychosocial challenges.
Learning through play is a term used in education and psychology to describe how a child can learn to make sense of the world around them. Through play children can develop social and cognitive skills, mature emotionally, and gain the self-confidence required to engage in new experiences and environments.
The KWL chart was created by Donna Ogle in 1986. [2] A KWL chart can be used for all subjects in a whole group or small group atmosphere. The chart is a comprehension strategy used to activate background knowledge prior to reading and is completely student centered. The teacher divides a piece of chart paper into three columns.
Most forms of play are essential for healthy development, but free, spontaneous play—the kind that occurs on playgrounds—is the most beneficial type of play. Exciting, engaging and challenging playground equipment is important to keep children happy while still developing their learning abilities.
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A 1994 paper found more involved teaching can lead to better psychological gains for students than a more passive approach. [9] A 2014 study found over 50 picture books about show and tell. [2] Show and tell has been criticized for the amount of time it takes, monotony, and for penalizing shy students. [10]