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If a chemical is a strong acid, its conjugate base will be weak. [3] An example of this case would be the splitting of hydrochloric acid HCl in water. Since HCl is a strong acid (it splits up to a large extent), its conjugate base (Cl −) will be weak. Therefore, in this system, most H + will be hydronium ions H 3 O +
Strong bases are leveling solvents for acids, weak bases are differentiating solvents for acids. In a leveling solvent, many acids are completely dissociated and are thus of the same strength. All acids tend to become indistinguishable in strength when dissolved in strongly basic solvents owing to the greater affinity of strong bases for protons.
In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.
Lewis acids reacting with Lewis bases in gas phase and non-aqueous solvents have been classified in the ECW model, and it has been shown that there is no one order of acid strengths. [12] The relative acceptor strength of Lewis acids toward a series of bases, versus other Lewis acids, can be illustrated by C-B plots.
Lewis acids and bases are commonly classified according to their hardness or softness. In this context hard implies small and nonpolarizable and soft indicates larger atoms that are more polarizable. typical hard acids: H +, alkali/alkaline earth metal cations, boranes, Zn 2+ typical soft acids: Ag +, Mo(0), Ni(0), Pt 2+
The situation is analogous to that of weak acids and strong bases. B + H 3 O + ⇌ BH + + H 2 O. Amines are examples of weak bases. The pH of the neutralized solution depends on the acid dissociation constant of the protonated base, pK a, or, equivalently, on the base association constant, pK b.
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Crystalline benzoic acid shown here is a solid and an acid, but, in the context of this article, it is not a "solid acid", which are polymeric materials and typically stronger acids. Examples of inorganic solid acids include silico-aluminates ( zeolites , alumina , silico-aluminophosphate), and sulfated zirconia .