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  2. Confucianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism

    In the 460s, Confucianism competed with Chinese Buddhism and "traditional Confucianism" was "a broad cosmology that was as much about personal ethics as about spiritual beliefs" and had roots that went back to Confucianist philosophers from over a thousand years before.

  3. Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Fundamental_Bonds...

    In Confucianism, the Sangang Wuchang (Chinese: 三綱五常; pinyin: Sāngāng Wǔcháng), sometimes translated as the Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues or the Three Guiding Principles and Five Constant Regulations, [1] or more simply "bonds and virtues" (gāngcháng 綱常), are the three most important human relationships and the five most important virtues.

  4. Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles...

    The Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues are a set of Legalist (and later Confucian) foundational principles of morality.The Four Cardinal Principles are propriety (禮), righteousness (義), integrity (廉), and shame (恥).

  5. List of Confucianists - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Confucianists

    This is a partial list of people who follow Confucianism, selected for their influence on that belief, or for their fame in other areas. Early Confucians ...

  6. List of Confucian states and dynasties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Confucian_states...

    This is a list of historical and contemporary states and dynasties where Confucianism (including its various sects) was/is the state ideology or exerted/exerts significant politico-cultural influence.

  7. List of religions and spiritual traditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religions_and...

    While the word religion is difficult to define, one standard model of religion used in religious studies courses defines it as [a] system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that the moods and motivations ...

  8. Four Books and Five Classics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classics

    The Four Books (四書; Sìshū) are Chinese classic texts illustrating the core value and belief systems in Confucianism. They were selected by intellectual Zhu Xi in the Song dynasty to serve as general introduction to Confucian thought, and they were, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, made the core of the official curriculum for the civil ...

  9. Confucius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius

    In the 20th century, this tradition was interrupted for several decades in mainland China, where the official stance of the Communist Party and the State was that Confucius and Confucianism represented reactionary feudalist beliefs which held that the subservience of the people to the aristocracy is a part of the natural order. All such ...