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A driving cycle is a series of data points representing the speed of a vehicle versus time. Driving cycles are produced by different countries and organizations to assess the performance of vehicles in various ways, for example, fuel consumption, electric vehicle autonomy and polluting emissions. [1] [2] [3]
OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections .
OBD-II is an improvement over OBD-I in both capability and standardization. The OBD-II standard specifies the type of diagnostic connector and its pinout, the electrical signalling protocols available, and the messaging format. It also provides a candidate list of vehicle parameters to monitor along with how to encode the data for each.
An OBD-II scanner is a valuable tool for anyone who wants to take a proactive approach to vehicle maintenance and repair. ... Its user-friendly interface guides users step by step through ...
How We Tested OBD-II Scanners. To test OBD-II scanners, we pulled a 2005 Toyota Corolla into the Car and Driver garage. We then set to work manufacturing a check-engine light (CEL) by unplugging ...
Condition 2: The same engine at sea level will achieve that same 50 kPa (7.25 psi, 14.7 inHG) of manifold pressure at less than (before reaching) WOT due to the higher barometric pressure. The engine requires the same mass of fuel in both conditions because the mass of air entering the cylinders is the same.
An Automated Optical Inspection device. Automated optical inspection (AOI) is an automated visual inspection of printed circuit board (PCB) (or LCD, transistor) manufacture where a camera autonomously scans the device under test for both catastrophic failure (e.g. missing component) and quality defects (e.g. fillet size or shape or component skew).
Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) is a diagnostic communication protocol used in electronic control units (ECUs) within automotive electronics, which is specified in the ISO 14229-1. [1] It is derived from ISO 14230-3 and the now obsolete ISO 15765-3 (Diagnostic Communication over Controller Area Network (DoCAN) [2]). 'Unified' in this context ...